Niger delta youths urge buhari not to scrap amnesty programme. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger delta s minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Petroleum, pollution and poverty in the niger delta amnesty international june 2009 index. Since 2014 eni has reported 820 spills in the niger delta, with 26,286 barrels or 4. Keywords niger delta, amnesty program, ddr, conflict, criminology. A groundbreaking research project by amnesty international has exposed evidence of serious negligence by oil giants shell and eni, whose irresponsible approach to oil spills in the niger delta is exacerbating an environmental crisis. Each militant was promised a payment of sixty five thousand naira n65,000 only monthly, payment of rent and vocational training. The oil company operating in ogoniland was the shell petroleum development company. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. Lessons four years on this brief examines the niger delta amnesty declared in june 2009, from the perspective of its achievements, limitations and risks. Niger delta annual onflict report january to december 2017 the niger delta peace and conflict landscape has undergone significant changes since 2009 when the federal government commenced a presidential amnesty program for exmilitants in the region.
First, although the niger delta desperately needs additional security, any military response must be careful and measured. The most current issue that resonates in the niger delta discourse is the amnesty programme. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international. The amnesty period will terminate in early october, unless it is extended. As part of a larger project titled amnesty for peace in the niger delta region of nigeria indepth interviews with youths, leaders, community members, elders and relatives of exmilitants were carried out.
The recent federal government policy and programme on the development of the niger delta region so as to reduce or eliminate conflict and violence in the niger. This was the state of things in the niger delta till umar. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. The qualitative and quantitative method sampling procedure was used for this study. The combine effect of both decrees limits the rights of.
In 2004, asari dokubo declared an allout oil war against the nigerian state and oil companies operating in the region. This region is on the atlantic coast of nigeria where the niger river divides into numerous tributaries. Okonofua1,2 abstract the armed conflict between militias and government forces in nigerias niger delta region has spanned for more than two decades, defying all solutions. Royal dutch shell plc, commonly known as shell, is a dutchbritish oil and gas company headquartered in the netherlands and incorporated in england. They have issued challenges to the nigerian government, international oil companies, and the military. Merge pdf online combine pdf files for free foxit software. Ethnic and political unrest continued throughout the 1990s despite the return to democracy clarification needed and the election of the obasanjo. Ministry of niger delta affairs, amnesty programme, jtf operations, etc. Edo finetunes strategies for sustainable oil palm sector, revamp of forest belt the edo state government has said that it is strengthening partnerships to engender a sustainable oil palm sector and safeguard its forest belt so. Petroleum, pollution and poverty in the niger delta index. The amnesty program and the search for peace in the niger delta. Criminal activity by local people, including sabotage, theft and illegal refining of oil, have become increasingly serious problems in the niger delta, and contribute to. Niger delta amnesty programme 2009 the disarmed militants were moved to designated collection points and camps in six niger delta states. The policy provided presidential pardon for all militants who renounce violence and surrender to government forces within 60 days of the amnesty proclamation.
Since the 1960s, transnational oil corporations operating in the niger delta have. Short of a policing or military or paramilitary defence of the pipelines, it is my judgment that the protection requirement within section 115b involves a general shielding and caring obligation. However, the relative security brought about by the amnesty program has been eroded. The petroleum industry decree transfers ownership of all petroleum minerals to the nigerian government. What obtained in the niger delta core states of delta, bayelsa and rivers aptly captured the hobbesians of nature a state, where man is an enemy unto man. Amnesty international has asked shell to provide information regarding any maintenance of pipelines and infrastructure in bodo, but shell did not respond on this point. The federal governments amnesty programme in the niger delta. The study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the six year old amnesty programme in postconflict niger delta region. The oil spill at bodo 5, 2008 if you want to go fishing, you have to paddle for about four hours through several rivers before you. Tarila marclint ebiede instability in nigerias niger delta. Those hopes havent been realized, and the fragile peace is. Urhobo culture and the amnesty program in niger delta. This was introduced by the late president yaradua in 2009, against a groundswell of violent conflicts in the region and threats the violence portended for the nigerian state, including reduction in revenues accruing from oil sales.
This policy option should be replicated as a template in locations were political instability is a threat to economic development. The post amnesty programme and sustainable peacebuilding 6 background and context nigerias niger delta, measuring about 70,000 km. It is one of the oil and gas supermajors and the thirdlargest company in the world measured by 2018 revenues and the largest based in europe. Amnesty in the niger delta region can be traced back to 1967, when the. Maakt het mogelijk om pdfbestanden samen te voegen met een simpele draganddrop interface. Nigeria begins amnesty for niger delta militants world. The nigerian military is a traditionally trained force that struggles with counterinsurgency operations. The niger delta, is a densely populated region once known as the oil rivers because it was a major producer of palm oil. The region extends along the coast from benin river on the west to. Understanding the complex drivers of violent oilrelated conflict cyril obi abstract this paper explores the complex roots and dimensions of the niger delta conflict which has escalated from ethnic minority protests against the federal nigerian state. Amnesty and new violence in the niger delta forbes. Wartopeace transition the process of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants plays a critical role in transitions from war to peace knight, 2004.
This study therefore investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal. Afr 440172009 6 research for this report this report is based on fieldwork carried out in the niger delta in march and april 2008, as well as desk research and followup research from london between may 2008 and may 2009. On june 25 2009, the amnesty for militants operating in the niger delta was announced by nigerias former president umaru musa yar adua. The niger delta avengers nda are nigerias new niger delta militancy phenomenon. Since the latest escalation of violence began in early 2006, hundreds of people have been killed in clashes between rival armed groups vying for illicit patronage doled out by corrupt. The challenges of transitioning from peace settlements to longterm peace benjamin a.
You can either select the files you want to merge from you computer or drop them on. The amnesty is now six years since it implementation however, this study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the amnesty programme in post conflict niger delta region. Expectations and the administrative systems, niger delta david ogula apollos university, huntington beach, ca, usa. Easily combine multiple files into one pdf document. Negligence in the niger delta amnesty international usa. Niger delta volunteer force ndvf and ateke tom of the niger delta vigilantes, retaliated with violence. This work examines the governments amnesty programme and other strategies adopted in the niger delta since 1958 as a conflict management mechanism to tackle the conflict in the region and how to sustain the amnesty induced peace. The niger delta crisis has been a major threat to both socioeconomic activities in the niger delta region of nigeria.
Petroleum, pollution and poverty in the niger delta to m. The amnesty deal is a desperate effort by the nigerian state to end the niger delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. An amnesty for armed militants in the oilrich niger delta led several thousand men, including top militant commanders, to surrender weapons to the government. Afr 440172009 amnesty international june 2009 7 section i 1. Pdf the federal governments amnesty programme in the. Choose from a variety of file types multiple pdf files, microsoft word documents, microsoft excel spreadsheets, microsoft powerpoint. Data gathered by amnesty internationals decoders reveals the extraordinary scale of oil pollution in the niger delta, and the high frequency of spills. Combine multiple pdf files into one pdf, try foxit pdf merge tool online free and easy to use.
It is the result of hundreds of hours of work by more than 3,500 amnesty international supporters and activists, based in 142 different countries. Within a span of less than 3 months they are believed to be primarily responsible for reducing nigerias oil production from a theoretical 2. Poor communitycompany relations in the niger delta hadrawn ve attention to the practice of corporate social responsibility csr in the region. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. Select multiple pdf files and merge them in seconds. Nigeria begins amnesty for niger delta militants this article is more than 10 years old rebels in oilrich region expected to hand in weapons for cash and pardon as 60day offer by government. Amnesty activists uncover serious negligence by oil giants shell and eni.
The amnesty is now six years since it implementation however, this study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the amnesty. Quickly merge multiple pdf files or part of them into a single one. How to combine files into a pdf adobe acrobat dc tutorials. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. Niger delta february 10th, 2017 james ibori plots next move james ibori reputedly wielded influence in his native nigeria even from his british prison cell. Latest niger delta news and niger delta amnesty news. This webapp provides a simple way to merge pdf files. The region stands in a geostrategic location on the shores of the gulf. The amnesty officially resulted in the demobilisation of 30,000 militants, paying them allowances and providing training for a smaller number. In the 2019 forbes global 2000, shell was ranked as the ninthlargest company in the world and the. He was arrested in 2005 and charged with treason kuku, 2012. In other words, the amnesty program is a developmental initiative that was created and aimed at ameliorating the root causes of the niger delta crisis. Youths under the auspices of niger delta progressive youth forum, ndpyf, thursday, urged president muhammadu buhari, not to go on with the alleged plan of scrapping the presidential amnesty programme.
An amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. They took part in decode oil spills, a groundbreaking online project for crowdsourcing research. Crisis in the niger delta 2 amnesty the one concrete action the federal government has taken is to introduce an amnesty for militants who turn in their weapons and commit to abandoning violence. Amnesty international launched a major campaign in 2009 to highlight the massive oil pollution in the niger delta over 50 years. An appraisal learnt to walk as the elections were adjudged by both domestic and inter national observers as generally free. It claimed that shells oil spills and environmental damage in the delta had deprived hundreds of thousands of people of the ability to grow food, drink clean water, and enjoy health and an acceptable standard of. In 1993 shell withdrew from ogoniland in the face of local.
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